'Fabregas will be the Arsenal captain this season,' insists Wenger

July 31st,2010    by Ann

The inevitable question, Arsène Wenger said yesterday, had an inevitable answer. "I always said that Cesc Fabregas will be our captain next year and that we want to keep him.

And despite all the speculation that happened during the whole of last season and the summer, nothing has changed."

Wenger was responding to an enquiry about his reaction to the latest series of apparently contradictory messages from Barcelona about Fabregas, their prodigal son. Josep Maria Bartomeu, the Barcelona sporting vice-president candidate, appeared to put the pursuit of their quarry on hold when he said: "There are no imminent negotiations in place because they do not want to sell. And we respect Arsenal's decision."

But there has been talk of the No 4 shirt at the Nou Camp being kept free just in case, and Carles Puyol, the Barcelona captain, became the latest of the club's players to intervene, suggesting that Arsenal were putting their own interests before the wishes of Fabregas. Puyol, of course, was one of the players who mischievously slipped a Barcelona shirt onto Fabregas during the celebrations following Spain's World Cup win.

Wenger, though, played down those antics as youthful high spirits. "It's part of celebration. It isn't always wanted, but you can understand things like that when you are friends. But it has nothing to do with his behaviour, he has always said he is committed to the club and he has always shown it. The best way is to give your best for the club and he has always done that.

"I believe Arsenal deserves respect. If the players make some statements and jokes, we can do exactly the same but I believe we have to live with that. We do not have to complain too much. I believe it's important we focus on the targets we have together.

"There's a great attitude and spirit inside the squad and Cesc Fabregas can help us achieve these targets. He's now at an age, 23 years old, and he has just won the World Cup. I believe he will grow in authority again for next season. The biggest achievement for him now is to help us win the championship."

That, of course, would be the ideal outcome for player, manager and club. Fabregas's long-term future will probably be decided by Arsenal's success or otherwise this season, which threatens to be the sixth without a trophy. Despite the financial muscle of Manchester City and the recent pedigree of Chelsea and Manchester United, Wenger remains convinced that Arsenal will compete strongly again, and he hinted that Laurent Koscielny and Marouane Chamakh might not be the last signings of the summer.

"I have always done business very early and very late," he said. "At the moment we are still looking outside to strengthen the squad. If we find the right players we will do it."

And if he does not find the right players? "Do I think we have a team to play at the top? Looking at the players we have, I say yes. It does not go into financial consideration. I judge whether they are good enough in the championship. Have the other clubs more money or less money? It is not important. It is whether the players we have are better players or lesser players and I think we can compete with the players we have."

Wenger was speaking in advance of this weekend's Emirates Cup tournament, in which his team faces Milan today and Celtic tomorrow, without Robin van Persie, who, like Fabregas, remains on leave, and Denilson, Alexandre Song, Abou Diaby, Johan Djourou and Nicklas Bendtner, who are injured.

His reserve goalkeepers will have a chance to persuade him that the prospective signing of Mark Schwarzer from Fulham is not urgent, but he admitted that another central defender remains a priority. "Ideally yes, in number we have lost Silvestre, Campbell and Gallas and we have only signed Koscielny. Djourou is coming back so you could say we have got two but we are still two short."

Of more concern to fans will be the 11 points that Arsenal finished short of Chelsea in last season's title race. A fit, rested and fully committed Fabregas will be essential if that gap is to be closed.

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Too old at 90? Soho's favourite maitre d' is told to get her coat

July 30th,2010    by Ann

For more than seven decades Elena Salvoni has opened doors, waited tables and kept secrets for some of the brightest stars of the stage and screen, earning a reputation among diehard devotees as an endangered link to a bygone era of old-school hospitality.

Now, despite showing the verve of a woman half her age, London's most famous maître d' has been asked to leave the restaurant that bears her name.

No longer will patrons at Elena's L'Etoile on Charlotte Street, where signed photographs show the faces of Robert De Niro, Peter O'Toole and Sean Connery, be greeted by the immaculate "Queen of Soho".

Ms Salvoni, who turned 90 last April, expressed sadness about leaving her home from home for almost 20 years – on the day the Government announced plans to scrap the default retirement age. "They've got my name up on the front of the restaurant," she said. "Doesn't that mean anything?"

Ms Salvoni says she has been pushed out of work by Corus Hotels, a Hertfordshire-based group that owns 10 hotels in Britain and two in Malaysia. "They said that at my age they can't get insurance for me," she said. "But this is all double-Dutch to me."

Andrew Hollett, a manager at Corus Hotels, said in a statement: "When Elena reached her 90th birthday we felt it was an appropriate time to retire. Our doors are always open to Elena and we have an arrangement with her to facilitate visits. This arrangement is confidential and it would not be appropriate for us to give details. We look forward to welcoming Elena at the restaurant for many years to come."

After leaving school at 14, Ms Salvoni, who was born to Italian parents in London in 1920, trained as seamstress before taking a job at Café Bleu in Old Compton Street. She never looked back, working her way through some of Soho's most prestigious establishments before getting a job at L'Etoile, as it was called then, in 1992.

Peter O'Toole, Sir Terry Wogan, and Ella Fitzgerald are among Ms Salvoni's customers, and she still counts many stars as her friends. She says she has written letters to them all to give them the bad news. "Peter O'Toole has been so loyal that I had to write him a note," she said in an interview with The Oldie Magazine. "They were all so loyal and I didn't want them to read it in the papers."

As word of Ms Salvoni's departure has swept Soho, so the tributes have flooded in. "I've had lots of letters asking why?" she says. "Cameron Mackintosh was quite choked about it. He came to see me the night of my leaving function." Another customer, the actress Anne Reid, wrote to Ms Salvoni to say, "You are a truly fascinating and amazing woman."

While working at L'Escargot, Ms Salvoni came to the defence of Princess Diana when rumours that she had been seen crying in the restaurant started to circulate in newspapers. There were no tears, she insisted. Other customers include Francis Bacon, who used to "drive her mad" by knocking over bottles of wine and not caring, and Maria Callas.

Ms Salvoni says she will miss the routine of work the most. "I'm lost in the morning now and I think, why am I rushing?" she says. "But it's no good being miserable. I love being with people. They want me to come back occasionally to entertain celebrities, but I don't like the idea of it. I don't want that, that's not my work."

In her career, Ms Salvoni has had to deal with drunk and angry customers. When a journalist she threw out for bad behaviour threatened to ruin her, she said, "You do that." But she has always had far too many allies for anyone to try. As the doyenne of the London dining scene slips off her well-worn shoes, she will be missed by them all.

The Oscar-winner who came for dinner: When Elena met Robert

Elena Salvoni has opened doors to some of the biggest names in showbusiness in her 70-year career as London's most famous maître d'.

Among the most recognisable portraits that adorn the walls of Elena's L'Etoile, the restaurant where she has worked sine 1992, belongs to Robert De Niro, the Oscar-winning star of The Godfather, Part II and Raging Bull.

"He was very sweet," Ms Salvoni recalls of the encounter in the 1990s. "He spoke very good Italian.

"This man came in and sat down with him. So I came over and asked him if he'd like something to eat. 'No,' he said. And De Niro looked at him and said: 'Have something.'

"I said: 'It's bitter out there, have a bowl of soup.' De Niro said: 'She reminds me of [Martin] Scorsese's mother. As soon as you go to Scorsese's house his mother comes in and says "do you want a bowl of soup?"'. So they had some soup."

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Brothers in exile

July 29th,2010    by Ann

RAMIN and Rokni Haerizadeh, two Iranian artists exiled in Dubai, fled their homeland in spring 2009. Iranian officials became aware of their work when it was included in Charles Saatchi's exhibition, “Unveiled: New Art from the Middle East”. Armed with a catalogue, representatives from Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and National Security descended on Tehran's art galleries, pointed at Ramin Haerizadeh's partially naked self-portraits (from his “Men of Allah” series) and asked, “Do you know this man?” They then raided a patron's house, confiscated two of the artist's works and threatened the collector with four months in prison. Family and friends called the artists, who were in Paris for the opening of their exhibition at Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac, and warned them not to return. Iranian passports are hardly great calling cards, but after the intervention of a sympathetic Sheikh in Abu Dhabi's Department of Higher Education, Mr Haerizadeh and his younger brother Rokni were granted three-year visas for the United Arab Emirates.

The Haerizadeh brothers' studio is in a hard-to-find warehouse in Al Quoz, a dusty industrial area on Dubai's city limits. They share a vast single room with Hesam Rahmanian, a friend and fellow artist. Each has their own turf of wall space and tables covered in paint and supplies. Natural light hits the cement floors through opaque skylights in an insulated tin roof. Spoiled for sun in the Gulf, the artists need only switch on the fluorescents in the evening. Over the blare of an old air-conditioning unit, they listen to Chopin and Schubert, or Charlotte Gainsbourg and Patti Smith while they work. Thirsty guests are handed a used Evian bottle, which they can re-fill from the five-gallon cooler.

The Haerizadehs appear to be inseparable. When they're not travelling, they spend nine hours a day, seven days a week in this space. They also share an apartment. Yet their work is distinct. Ramin's art is grounded in photography and usually features images of himself. For the past six years he has worn a beard, something associated with religious mullahs in the Middle East. Yet the situations in which he casts himself—either digitally or through collage—are decidedly irreverent. His “Men of Allah” series evokes intimate situations overlaid with traditional Islamic patterns, whereas his more recent work alludes to the anger and despair of the Green Movement, Iran's besieged political opposition.

Rokni, by contrast, is a painter with a style that indicates a broad appreciation of European traditions. He studied art at university in Tehran, but says he really learned to paint from films about artists such as Francis Bacon and Pablo Picasso. “The culture of painting is very weak in the Middle East,” he says. “The work doesn't have any energy.” He works in series, which allows him to approach a single theme in a variety of ways. For example, the 15 paintings that were recently exhibited in Paris under the title “The Pieces Required in Constructing the Whip of a Foe” depict diverse subjects unified by their exploration of torture. “I love Warhol,” he says, “but that kind of repetition would feel like a cage to me.”

Despite their stylistic differences, Ramin and Rokni Haerizadeh create at the same pace, roughly one work per week when in Dubai. They're also dependent on daily dialogue. “We talk-talk-talk about the details—very harsh criticising and laughing,” says Ramin with a wave of his cigarette. The brothers, both left-handed, smoke a pack a day each. They recently bought a drawing of an ashtray by Damien Hirst off Artnet. “We look at everything with a sense of humour,” says Rokni, who sometimes depicts himself as a clown with a red nose and two donkey ears. “When you get too serious about your work,” clarifies Ramin, “the work gets less serious.”

In Iran, it's essential to appreciate the absurd. The general perception of contemporary artists is that they are insane, or atheists, or insane atheists. Among Islamic fundamentalist regimes, it's considered better to repeat the wisdom of the past than to display originality. “Creation is for God,” explains Rokni.

The art world of Middle Eastern expat-intellectuals hasn't fully embraced the Haerizadehs either. “They are friends but they never cover us,” explains Rokni. He and his brother don't fit into their “New Yorkish or Berlin-style conceptual” vision of what is aesthetically correct. Nevertheless, the Haerizadehs enjoy the support of collectors with international renown, such as Francois Pinault and Don and Mera Rubell.

Ramin's phone rings. He embarks on a long conversation in Farsi. When he returns, he says that they've been getting phone calls from friends in Tehran telling them, “Be careful. Don't think you are safe. You could get deported. Watch your step.” In March, one of Ramin's works was censored from the Dubai Art Fair, apparently so as not to offend the Iranian ambassador. Entitled “We will join hands in love and rebuild our country,” it features images of Ramin wearing a chador, the long black veil that women must wear in Iran. Although not immediately apparent to Western eyes, Ramin is depicting himself as a mullah in drag.

Off the record, an official in the Dubai Cultural Authority deflected the censorship issue by saying that Ramin's piece was “misunderstood”. He added that the Haerizadehs were “welcome to stay in Dubai as long as their work doesn't cause friction with an important trade partner.” The UAE does not offer political asylum. It's a “delicate region, which is very vulnerable to fundamentalist movements,” and the government fears a “backlash” if it is perceived as too liberal.

Artists in the West often position themselves as symbolic criminals, but few actually become fugitives. Transgression comes easily in Iran and, to a lesser extent, Dubai. Rokni's paintings have recently outstripped Ramin's in their overt sexual and political content, which means he can't display them publicly in the region. “If I don't paint, I would go coo-coo,” says Rokni. “I've always loved my country but not enough to spend my life making abstractions.” Ramin nods, takes a long drag on his Marlboro, and adds: “No one can bear it when you say what you think.”

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Translating Stories of Life Forms Etched in Stone

July 28th,2010    by Ann

In 1909, Charles Walcott, a paleontologist and secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, discovered one of the greatest and most famous fossil troves high in

the Canadian Rockies on Burgess Pass in British Columbia. The slabs of Burgess Shale that Walcott excavated contained the earliest known examples at the time

of many major animal groups in the fossil record, in rocks that were about 505 million years old.
Walcott’s discovery was further evidence of the so-called Cambrian Explosion — the apparently abrupt appearance of complex animals in the fossil record

within the Cambrian Period, from about 542 to 490 million years ago. Although not seen before on the scale documented in the Burgess Shale, the emergence of

trilobites and other animals in the Cambrian was familiar to paleontologists, and had troubled Charles Darwin a great deal.

The difficulty posed by the Cambrian Explosion was that in Darwin’s day (and for many years after), no fossils were known in the enormous, older rock

formations below those of the Cambrian. This was an extremely unsettling fact for his theory of evolution because complex animals should have been preceded

in the fossil record by simpler forms.

In “On the Origin of Species,” Darwin posited that “during these vast, yet quite unknown, periods of time, the world swarmed with living creatures.” But

he admitted candidly, “To the question why we do not find records of these vast primordial periods, I can give no satisfactory answer.”

It took a very long time, and the searching of some of the most remote places on the planet — in the Australian Outback, the Namibian desert, the shores of

Newfoundland and far northern Russia — but we now have fossil records from the time immediately preceding the Cambrian. The rocks reveal a world whose

oceans were teeming with a variety of life forms, including primitive animals, which is certainly good news for Darwin.

Now, this once-worrisome gap in the fossil record is a period of intense interest to geologists as well as paleontologists. The former have even given it its

own division in the geological timescale. The Ediacaran Period, from 635 to 542 million years ago, is the first new geological period to be named in more

than a century. Moreover, geologists have developed some intriguing theories about how dramatic changes in the Earth’s climate and chemistry during the

Ediacaran may have allowed for the evolution of animals.

The first major advance towards finding the earliest animal life occurred in 1946 when Reginald Sprigg, a geologist for the South Australia government, was

checking out some old mines in the Ediacaran Hills of the Flinders Range several hundred miles north of Adelaide. Sprigg noticed some striking disc-shaped

impressions up to four inches in diameter on the exposed surfaces of rocks nearby.

Sprigg interpreted the patterns as the fossil remains of soft-bodied creatures like jellyfish or their relatives. But when Sprigg first showed the imprints

to leading authorities, they dismissed them as artifacts made by the weathering of the rocks. However, later that year, when Sprigg found the frond-like

forms he called Dickinsonia , he was certain that such geometrical impressions could have been made only by living creatures.

Sprigg was excited by both the unusual appearance of the fossils and by their age, which he believed to be the beginning of the Cambrian, and made them the

oldest animal forms yet seen. But despite their potential importance, Sprigg’s discoveries were ignored at an international geology meeting and his paper

describing the fossils was rejected by the leading journal, . Sprigg moved on to other, more rewarding pursuits in the oil, gas, and mining industries.

Scientific attention to these strange forms was not revived until a decade later when more soft-bodied forms were found in the Ediacaran Hills and in

England, and their age was firmly established as actually predating the Cambrian. Deposits of similar aged forms have been discovered at Mistaken Point on

the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland, in southern Namibia, the White Sea of Russia, and more than 30 other locations on five continents. The global

distribution of these disc-, frond-, tube-, branch-, or spindle-shaped forms demonstrate that life was complex and diverse in the Ediacaran.

But finding these fossils has posed many new mysteries. Many of the creatures are so unlike modern forms that deciphering what they are and how they lived

continues to challenge paleontologists. Prof. Andrew Knoll of Harvard University has likened the Ediacaran forms to a paleontological “Rorschach” test

because different scientists often interpret the same fossil very differently.

Dickinsonia, for example, has been interpreted as being a relative of jellyfish, a marine worm, a lichen, or even as a member of a completely extinct

kingdom. The challenge to classifying most Ediacarans is that they lack some features that are characteristic of modern animals, a mouth or an anus in the

case of Dickinsonia, or the shells and hard parts typical of many Cambrian groups. But, in fact, such simple bodies are exactly what should be expected of

primitive forerunners of later animals.

On the other hand, scientists have had to explain how such creatures functioned. Some of the very flat-bodied Ediacarans, for instance, lived on sediments

and appear to have fed by directly absorbing nutrients by osmosis.

The kinds of animals that paleontologists have been especially eager to identify in the Ediacaran are those with bilateral body symmetry, the feature

characteristic of the majority of modern animal groups, including ourselves.

Bilateral animals flourished in the Cambrian so tracing their origins is crucial to understanding the pace of animal evolution. Several bilateral Ediacaran

animals have been discovered, including Kimberella, a possible mollusc. Hundreds of Kimberella specimens are known that date to about 555 million years ago,

50 million years before the animals of the Burgess Shale.

The Ediacaran fossil record thus stretches the origins of animals to well before the Cambrian Explosion. But it also raises the question of why, after more

than 2.5 billion years during which microscopic life dominated the planet, larger, more complex, forms emerged at that time?

A key requirement for larger creatures is oxygen, and the dramatic history of oxygen levels is also etched in Ediacaran rocks. Geologists now understand that

the earliest Ediacaran organisms were deep water creatures that emerged 575 to 565 million years ago, shortly after a major ice age ended about 580 million

years ago.

Recent chemical analyses of Ediacaran sediments reveal that the deep ocean lacked oxygen before and during that ice age, then became much richer in oxygen

and stayed that way after the glaciers melted . That sharp rise in oxygen may have been the catalyst to the evolution of animals, including our ancestors.

Several weeks after the publication of “On the Origin of Species” and amid a torrent of criticism, Darwin added a mischievous postscript to a letter to his

friend, the geologist Charles Lyell: “Our ancestor was an animal which breathed water, had a swim-bladder, a great swimming tail, an imperfect skull &

undoubtedly was an hermaphrodite! Here is a pleasant genealogy for mankind.” The Ediacaran fossils tell us that Darwin was being too generous. Our earliest

animal ancestor probably had no head, tail, or sexual organs, and lay immobile on the sea floor like a door mat.

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The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women.

July 26th,2010    by Ann

During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman's life spent in caring for children.A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman's youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.

This important change in women's life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left shool at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.

New technology links the world as never before

July 23rd,2010    by Ann

Our planet has shrunk. It's now a jlobal village" where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly ihanced by foreign language skills.

Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, ccess overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.

Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within :ecutive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being "out of jht and out of mind. "He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the impany's plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment iroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have Bater confidence in his or hec ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural nsiderations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent

Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with busine: applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into internationi markets.

English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing nee for people who can speak another language. A second language isn't generally required to g« a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when oth« qualifications appear to be equal.

The employee posted abroad who speaks the country's principal language has a opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to kno< when It is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicat well with foreign clients over the telphone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.

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Alicia & I Talking on Kdna's Steps

July 22nd,2010    by Ann

I like Alicia because once she gave me a little leather purse with the word GUADALAJARA stitched on it, which is home for Alicia, and one day she will go back there. But today she is listening to my sadness because I don't have a house.

You live right here, 4006 Mango, Alicia says and points to the house I am ashamed of.

No, this isn't my house I say and shake my head as if shaking could undo the year I've lived here. I don't belong. I don't ever want to come from here. You have a home, Alicia, and one day you'll go there, to a town you remember, but me

I never had a house, not even a photograph... Only one I dream of.

No, Alicia says. Like it or not you are Mango Street, and one day you'll come back too.

Not me. Not until somebody makes it better.

Who's going to do it? The mayor?

And the thought of the mayor coming to Mango Street makes me laugh out loud.

Who's going to do it? Not the mayor.

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Researchers have discovered a link between drinking and thinking

July 21st,2010    by Ann

A moderate amount of alcohol may help us keep our mental abilities as we age. Brain scans show alcohol abuse kill brain cells. But little is known about the effects of life-long drinking. So moderate drinkers may want to toast new findings from researchers at Duke, and Indiana Universities. Dr. Joe Christian of Indiana Universities says men who have one or two drinks each day retain slightly stronger comprehension skills than the non-drinker or the heavy drinker. The doctor and his colleagues gave mental tests to nearly 4,000 male twins between the age of 66 and 76. The moderate drinkers had slightly better reasoning ability than their brothers who drink more or less. Other studies have found that alcohol in moderation can help the heart. But alcohol abuse can cause bone loss and other health problems. This study was presented at an alcoholism meeting in San Antonio.

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Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team

July 20th,2010    by Ann

A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.

The researcher organized an experimental tournament (f$^ft) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.

Observers noted down the referees' errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.

The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum dHl^) distance is about 20 meters.

There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.

If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.

He also says that FIFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.

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A new malady is running rampantly in corporate America; management phobia

July 19th,2010    by Ann

Many people don't want to be manager, and many people who are managers are itching to jump off the management track—or have already. "I hated all the meetings," says a 10-year award-winning manager, "And I found the more you did for people who worked for you, the more they expected. I was a counselor, motivator, financial adviser and psychologist."

With technology changing in a wink, we can never slack off these days if we're on the technical side. It's a rare person who can manage to keep up on the technical side and handle a management job, too. In addition, with Scott Adams' popular cartoon character as well as many television situation comedies routinely portraying managers as morons or enemies, they just don't get much respect anymore.

Supervising others was always a tough task, but in the past that stress was offset by hopes for careei mobility and financial rewards. Along with a sizable pay raise, people chosen as managers would begin a nearly automatic climb up the career ladder to lucrative executive perks: stock options, company cars, cluh memberships, plus the key to executive washroom. But in today's global, more competitive arena, a manage] sits on an insecure perch. Restructuring have eliminated layer after layer of management as companies came tc

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